Comparative chemical characters of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from geographical origins of China / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Pseudostellaria heterophylla has been paid more attention in recent years, mainly as a medicine food homology plant. The content determination of P. heterophylla is not specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (version 2020). The environmental conditions in different production areas could exert an influence on the quality of P. heterophylla. The purpose of this study is to discriminate P. heterophylla collected from different geographical origins of China.@*METHODS@#In this study, the content of polysaccharide in 28 batches of P. heterophylla was determined using phenol-sulfuric acid. HPLC fingerprints were established under optimised HPLC-PDA methods. Subsequently, the similarity analysis (SA) and the quantification of heterophyllin B were analyzed. The metabolites of P. heterophylla were identified and evaluated using UHPLC-Q Exactive HF orbitrap MS system. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) were performed based on all peak areas.@*RESULTS@#The polysaccharide content in Guizhou and Jiangsu was higher than that of other production areas, which varied significant from different origins. While the content of heterophyllin B in Anhui and Jiangsu was high. The correlation coefficients of HPLC fingerprints for 28 batches samples ranged from 0.877 to 0.990, and the characteristic map can be used to identify and evaluate the quality of P. heterophylla. The samples from Fujian, Guizhou, Jiangsu provinces can be relatively separated using multivariate statistical analysis including PCA, PLS-DA, HCA, OPLS-DA, indicating that their metabolic compositions were significantly different. Ultimately, a total of 15 metabolites which were filtrated by a VIP-value > 1 and a P-value < 0.05 associated with the separation of different origins were identified.@*CONCLUSION@#HPLC fingerprint was established to evaluate the quality and authenticity of P. heterophylla. The present work showed that the difference of geographic distributions had an influence on the internal chemical compositions. A sensitive and rapid untargeted metabolomics approach by UHPLC-Q Exactive HF orbitrap MS was utilized to evaluate P. heterophylla from different origins in China for the first time. Overall, this study provides insights to metabolomics of P. heterophylla and supplies important reference values for the development of functional foods.

Expression of CD133, E-cadherin and WWOX in colorectal cancer and related analysis

Objective: To detect the expression of CD133, E-cadherin and WWOX in colorectal cancer, analyze the correlations and pathological significance of the biomarkers

Methods: Two hundred and ten patients with colorectal cancer treated surgically between January 2007 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had pathologic specimens and integrated clinical data. Pathologic specimens were retrieved for immunohistochemical examination of the expressions of CD133, WWOX and E-cadherin. The clinical data of these patients including gender, age, tumor location, tumor size, tumor differentiation, invasion depth, hepatic metastases, lymphatic metastasis, UICC stage and recurrence of tumor were retrieved to investigate their demographics and clinical characteristics

Results: In 210 specimens of colorectal cancer, the positive expression rate of CD133, E-cadherin and WWOX was 61.9%, 40.5% and 41.9%, respectively. The expression of CD133, E-cadherin and WWOX was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis, hepatic metastases and UICC stage [p<0.05]. The expression of CD133 was negatively correlated with WWOX and E-cadherin [p<0.05], and the expression of WWOX was positively correlated with E-cadherin in specimens [p<0.05]

Conclusion: A detection of CD133, E-cadherin and WWOX can facilitate physicians in predicting the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer

Systematic analysis of main constituents in rat biological samples after oral administration of the methanol extract of fructus aurantii by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS

High performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] with diode array detection [DAD] and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [ESI/MS/MS] was used to analyze the main components in the methanol extract of Fructus Aurantii [FA] and the metabolites in rat biological samples after oral administration of the methanol extract of FA. There were 31 constituents identified in the extract of FA including 2 alkaloids, 1 coumarin, 10 flavonoid glycosides and 18 ploymethoxylated flavones. According to the UV spectrum and MS fragment character of main components in the methanol extract of FA. 18 parent constituents and 11 metabolites were tentatively identified in rat biological samples. Three groups of components in biological samples detected included flavonoid glycosides, their glucuronides and ploymethoxylated flavones. It was interested that flavonoid glycosides, their glucuronides and ploymethoxylated flavones can be investigated in rat plasma and urine, while in rat feces samples only flavonoid glycosides were detected. Triglycosyl, naringenin, neoeriocitrin, neoeriocitrin narirutin and hesperidin were the main components in rat feces which were found either in the plasma or in urine samples. However, naringin and neohesperidin were the main flavonoid glycosides which absorbed after oral administration. Except flavonoid glycosides and their glucuronides, ploymethoxylated flavones also the constituents absorbed because it was investigated mainly in rat plasma and urine but not in feces samples. The identification and elucidation of parent and metabolism components analyzed in biological samples provided the data for further pharmacological and clinical research on FA

Clinical observation of glucose metabolism disorders in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea disorder / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS)and glucose metabolism disorders in patients without diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 88 patients with OSAHS but without diabetes mellitus from 2009 to 2011 in our hospital were selected and the pulse oximeter were used to measure the oxygen saturation.Patients were divided into 2 groups:the mild OSAHS group (n=46) and the severe OSAHS group (n=42).The age-and body mass index (BMI) matched control patients without OSAHS (control group,n =48) were randomly selected.The medical history,age,body height and BMI were recorded.The levels of fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined.Results There were significant differences in the numbers of respiratory disorders,respiratory disturbance index,average length of apnea,the longest apnea time,low-oxygen frequency,oxygen index,the time of oxygen saturation (SaO2) below 90％,minimum SaO2 and mean SaO2 between the OSAHS group and the control group (F=2.71,2.89,1.94,2.30,2.93,2.27,3.66,3.06,1.82,respectively,all P＜0.05).There were differences in the levels of fasting blood glucose,postprandial blood glucose,HbA1c,cholesterol,triglycerideand low density lipoprotein cholesterol between the three groups(F=1.81,1.85,2.16,1.77,2.24,2.19,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The severe degree of OSAHS has the correlation with the levels of glycated hemoglobin and blood glucose,which can provide a basis to observe the duration of diabetes mellitus and to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Identification and simultaneous determination of twelve active components in the methanol extract of traditional medicine weichang'an pill by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS

Weichang'an [WCA] pill, a traditional Chinese patent medicine consisting of ten Chinese medicinal herbs, has been used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia for several decades. In this study, twelve bioactive constituents in the methanol extract of WCA were accurately identified since MS/MS fragmentation behavior of the references and the standards by using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis and a reliable and accurate method for the simultaneous determination was developed. Twelve active components including costunolide and dehydrodehydrocostus lactone from the principal herb Radix Aucklandiae; naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin from Fructus Aurantii; magnolol and honokiol from the ministerial herbs Cortex Magnoliae of?cinalis; aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion from adjunctive and messenger herb Radix ET Rhizoma Rhei were analyzed in the samples. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C[18] column with gradient elution of acetonitrile-methanol and 1.0% acetic acid water. In this condition, linearity, inter- and intra-day precision and accuracy were within acceptable ranges. The developed method showed satisfactory precision and accuracy with overall intra- and inter-day variations of 0.68-1.33% and 0.67-2.05% respectively, and the overall recoveries of 97.54-102.69% for twelve compounds. The proposed approach was successfully applied as a powerful tool for the quality control of WCA pill

Identification of microorganism from traditional Chinese medicine Massa Medicata Fermentata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the yeast strains isolated from Massa Medicata Fermentata samples that sold in markets.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The strains were identified through conventional classification methods including colony characteristics, cell morphology, physiological and biochemical properties, as well as 26S rDNA sequence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The isolated strains Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5 were Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, Endomyces fibuliger, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After fermentation the Massa Medicata Fermentata samples contained a variety of yeast species. Yeasts were the main contribution microorganism of the fermentation process.</p>

Influence of different processing techniques of massa medicata fermentata on their amylase activity / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize different processing techniques of Massa Medicata Fermentata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Single factor test was adopted, with the amylase activity of Massa Medicata Fermentata as the assessment indicator, to observe the influence of such factors as fermentation time and mixture techniques of active pharmaceutical ingredients on the amylase activity of Massa Medicata Fermentata. Meanwhile, Massa Medicata Fermentata prepared with the optimum processing techniques and superior and inferior products of Massa Medicata Fermentata in the market were compared in amylase activity, soluble starch content and soluble polysaccharide content.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The optimum fermentation time was 7 days. Adzuki bean shall be boiled before mixed with other materials. Artemisia annua, Polygonum hydropiper and Cocklebur grass shall be evenly mixed water decoction. The amylase activity, the soluble starch content and the soluble polysaccharide content of fermented Massa Medicata Fermentata could reach to 49.372 mg x min(-1) x g(-1), 7.967%, and 16.65% respectively, significantly higher than the two types of Massa Medicata Fermentata sold in the market.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to the optimum processing techniques, Adzuki beans were smashed and mixed equally with flour and Armeniacae Semen Amarum powder, and then successively added with A. annua, P. hydropiper and C. grass for even mixture. The fermentation time was 7 days.</p>

Effects of space flight on the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of licorice [Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch]

Licorice, the oldest Chinese traditional medicine, is widely used in the treatment of human diseases. Due to the deficiency of wild resource, selecting and breeding becomes a key issue to expanding the supply of licorice. Spaceflight technology will become a new method for medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spaceflight on the components and anti-inflammatory activity in licorice. After flowing on a recoverable satellite for 18 days, licorice seeds were germinated and grown to maturity and the parallel ground-based seeds were also planted under the same conditions. The main components in licorice root were analyzed through HPLC. The contents of two components in spaceflight groups were higher than that of the ground control ones. Three acute inflammatory models including xylene-induced auricular edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability were utilized to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of licorice pre and post spaceflight. The licorice extract showed the significant anti-inflammation activity. After the spaceflight, the pharmacological activity of licorice got higher than that of the ground control one. All of the models gained the tendency that the spaceflight group of species Hangjinqi had the strongest activity than other groups. The research provided the scientific data for a new breeding of medicinal plant through the spaceflight and indicated that the technology of space flight may be a new effective method for the breeding and cultivation of licorice

Antinociceptive and smooth muscle relaxant activity of Croton tiglium L seed: an in-vivo study

The seed of Croton tiglium L. [SCT] is a well known folk medicine. In Chine, it has used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal inflammation, rheumatism, and so on. Previous studies established its purgative and inflammation properties. In addition, the effects of essential oil of SCT on intestinal transit and gastrointestinal tract has been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of SCT through the writhing test in mice, investigated the effects of it on spontaneous smooth muscle contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum and examined the in-vivo results through the in-vivo small intestine propulsion. We further investigated the possible compounds using HPLC-MS, and six compounds were tentatively identified as phorbol esters. Furthermore, the possible fragmentation pathways of phorbol esters were proposed, and we also detected the possible compounds in the active parts

Determination of nine steroidal saponins in Paris polyphylla from different areas of Guizhou province by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare steroidal saponins-main active ingredients of Paris polyphylla from different areas in Guizhou province, in order to provided basis for further proving Guizhou province to be the planting base of P. polyphylla.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The contents of nine steroidal saponins, namely paris-VII, (25R)-5-en-spirost-3beta,17alpha-diol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->4)]-beta-D-glycopyanoside (PGRR), paris-H, paris-VI, paris-II , paris-III, gracillin, paris-I and paris-V of P. polyphylla from eight areas of Guizhou province were determined by HPLC-UV.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five steroidal saponins-paris-VII, PGRR, paris-H, paris-VI and gracillin were detected in all the drugs, which provided basis for distinguishing P. polyphylla. P. polyphylla from Dushan showed the highest content of steroidal saponins (9.62%), followed by Tongren (6.39%), and the lowest was Zunyi (0.99%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Saponins from different areas of Guizhou province show significant difference in variety and content, therefore Dushan is suitable for planting P. polyphylla.</p>

Improvement of Growth and Periplocin Yield of Periploca sepium Adventitious Root Cultures by Altering Nitrogen Source Supply / 中草药·英文版

Objective To increase the ultimate yield of periplocin in Periploca sepium adventitious root cultures by a two-stage culture based on nitrogen source.Methods Firstly,the effects of nitrogen source(NH-NO-)at different ratios and different total initial nitrogen amounts on the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in adventitious root cultures of P sepium were investigated,and growth and production media for the two-stage culture based on the above results were established.Results The highest biomass and periplocin content were obtained in the culture medium of 15 mmol/L total nitrogen amount with NH-NO(1:2)and 30 mmol/L total nitrogen amount with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source.By adopting a fed-batch cultivation strategy,the dry weight adventitious root,periplocin content and yield were increased by 136%,108%,and 389%,respectively when compared with those of the control,reaching up to 8.13 g/L,157.15 μg/g,and 1277.63 μg/L,respectively.Furthermore,it was found that in the process of two-stage culture,the adventitious roots grew thicker significantly after they were transferred into production medium directly.Conclusion The ultimate yield of periplocin in P.sepium adventitious root cultures could be significantly increased by a two-stage culture based on nitrogen source.

Key Techniques and Application Progress of Molecular Pharmacognosy / 中草药·英文版

At the boundary between pharmacognosy and molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy has developed as a new borderline discipline. This paper reviews the methods, application, and prospect of molecular pharmacognosy. DNA marker is one of genetic markers and some molecular marker methods which have been successfully used for genetic diversity identification and new medicinal resources development. Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool that enables scientists to engineer DNA sequences. Gene chip technique could be used in determination of gene expression profiles, analyses of polymorphisms, construction of genomic library, analysis of mapping, and sequencing by hybridization. Using the methods and theory of molecular biology and pharmacognosy, molecular pharmacognosy represents an extremely prospective branch of pharmacognosy and focuses on the study of systemic growth of medicinal plants, identification and evaluation of germplasm resources, plant metabolomics and production of active compounds. Furthermore, the great breakthrough of molecular pharmacognosy could be anticipated on DNA fingerprint analysis, cultivar improvement, DNA identification, and a global DNA barcoding system in the future.

Ensuring Compliance of Raw Herbal Materials Stemmed from China with European Good Agricultural and Collection Practice / 中草药·英文版

Asimplified European procedure now allows the registration of traditional herbal medicines as medicinal products even without the support of clinical data.This procedure entails the requirement that those products comply with European Good Manufacturing Practice for medicinal products,which in turn implies that the raw herbal materials comply with the European Guidelines for Good Agricultural and Collection Practice.On the basis of a comparison between European Good Agricultural and Collection Practice and China Good Agricultural Practice,as well as direct observation made at sites in China,we issue some recommendations to facilitate good communication between the Chinese producer and European pharmaceutical customer,with a view to ensure full compliance with European expectations.

Affect of Ag+ and La3+ elicitors on growth and accumulation of adventitious roots of Periploca sepium / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of the growth and periplocin accumulation of the adventitious roots of Periploca sepium, and on this basis, study the effect of Ag+ and La3+ elicitors on the growth and periplocin accumulation of the adventitious roots.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The adventitious roots were sampled every four days, and the dry weight and the contents of the periplocin were measured. The curves of the growth and periplocin accumulation of the roots were plotted. The Ag+ and La3+ elicitors with different concentrations were added to the medium when the adventitious roots grew in the stable phase to study the optimal concentration which was good to synthesize the periplocin. Besides, the optimal concentration of Ag+ and La3+ elicitors was added to the different growth phases to study the effect of the elicitors on the growth and periplocin synthesis of adventitious roots.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The characteristics of the growth of adventitious roots of P. sepium showed a typical growth S-Curve, which displayed a half-coupling relationship with the metabolism of periplocin. The optimal concentrations of Ag+ and La3+ elicitors were both 0.05 mmol L(-1). Besides, it was the best period for the Ag+ and La3+ elicitors to elicit the synthesis of periplocin when in the terminally exponential phase.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The growth of adventitious roots and the accumulation of periplocin show a half-coupling relationship. Besides, the concentration and additive time of Ag and La3+ elicitors obviously influences the growth of adventitious roots and synthesis of periplocin.</p>

Effects of culture conditions on biomass and active components of adventitious roots culture in Panax ginseng / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the culture condition of adventitious roots of Panax ginseng.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The adventitious roots were obtained through tissue culture by manipulation of inoculum, various sucrose concentrations and salt strength. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rb1 and Rg1 were determined by HPLC while the contents of polysaccharides were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The multiplication of adventitious roots reached the peak when the inoculum was 20 g x L(-1). The effects of sucrose concentration and salt strength on adventitious roots were observed. The contents of polysaccharides were higher when the medium contained more sucrose. 40 g x L(-1) sucrose was favorable for roots growth and biosynthesis of Re, while 30 g x L(-1) was favorable for the biosynthesis of Rb1 and Rg1. 3/4MS medium was benefit for the growth of adventitious roots and the biosynthesis of ginsenosides. The contents of polysaccharides were decreased with the increase of salt strength.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed that inoculum, various sucrose concentrations and salt strength have significant influences on adventitious roots growth, secondary metabolite and polysaccharide synthesis in P. ginseng.</p>

Numerical taxonamy of Paris plants / 中国中药杂志

Numerical taxonomic studies were carried out in order to elucidate the taxonomic relationship among 17 species belonging to Paris. Eighteen characters including 10 morphological, 4 pollen morphological, 2 cytotalonomical and 2 habitat characters were used for the analysis. On basis of UPGMA clustering analysis, two subgenus and seven groups were recognized. The classification of the two subgenus was different from the opinion of subgenus Daiswa and subgenus Paris by Li Heng. The classification of sect. Dunnianae, sect. Axiparis and sect. Paris was correspondence with the classification of Li Heng. But sect. Fargesianae, sect. Marmoratae and sect. Thibeticae which were established based on the especially characters by Li Heng were put into cluster 2, cluster 3 and cluster 4.

Effects of space flight on protein content and electrophoresis in Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the space environment on the role of licorice mutagenesis analysis of proteins.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) seeds were carried by a recoverable satellite for 18 days (the average radiation dose in the flight recovery module was 0.102 m x d(-1), the orbit semidiameter 350 km, gravity 10(-6)). After return, The satellite-flown seeds and the unflown seeds (ground control) were planted in the fields of experimental farm. The leaves of each group were used for studying the effects of space flight on CAT, SOD activity, the protein content and electrophoresis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After the space flight, CAT, SOD activity of licorice increased in varying degrees, the difference was significant (P<0.05), two types of enzyme activity of sample from Ordos were higher than that from Hangjinqi. The protein content of licorice increased in a certain extent, the difference was significant (P<0.05), while protein electrophoresis also showed differences, weak new bands appeared.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicated that spaceflight has effect on protein of licorice, these changes may be used as a tool for accelerating the progress in G. uralensis breeding.</p>

Research progress on mutation by spaceflight in medicinal plants breeding / 中国中药杂志

Space breeding in medicinal plants is special characteristics in China. Compared with other plants, in spite of a relatively small number, Medicinal plants have more obvious characteristics and advantages. Research on medicinal plants has also been carried into all aspects, such as biological traits, physiology and biochemistry, genomics, as well as differences in chemical composition, and chemical composition analysis is also involved. However, compared with other plants, especially crops and vegetables, biological research is an obvious deficiency, that is mainly reflected in the insufficient genetics and breeding researches, the stability of genetic traits from generation to generation were not followed up and in-depth study in breeding areas was not carried out. If medicinal plants resources from space with the genetic stability good quality were selected, it would address the problem of lack of resources and ease the pressure on wild resources of medicinal plants. It would at the same time play an important role in promoting the development of medicinal botany space breeding and the implementation of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Induction of Periploca sepium in vitro plantlet and studies on dynamic accumulation of periplocin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the content of periplocin in different part of the Periploca sepium in vitro plantlet and study its dynamic variation during the process of differentiation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The seeds were generated seedling under aseptic condition, and the cut hypocotyl was induced to form the callus and adventitious buds on the MS culture medium with the hormone of IBA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + BA 1 mg x L(-1). The seedling was cut down when the buds grew up to 3 cm and then the root was cultured in the 1/2 MS culture medium with the hormone of IBA 0.5 mg x L(-1) to form intact plantlet. Different parts of it were collected and the content of periplocin was measured during the process of differentiation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of periplocin varied widely in different parts during the process of differentiation, with the highest in the roots and then callus, stem and leaf of intact plantlet, stem and leaf of plantlet without root from high to low.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The periplocin of the secondary metabolite is more likely to be produced and accumulated in root and callus. Periplocin in stem and leaf is probably transported by conducting tissue.</p>

Flavone and steroid chemical constituents from rhizome of Paris axialis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the rhizome of Paris axialis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative RP-HPLC. The structures were identified by means of spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fourteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract and the n-BuOH extract of P. axialis. Their structures were identified as daucosterol (1), stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside (2), beta-ecdysterone (3), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1 --> 4) -[alpha-L -rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] -beta-D-glycopyranoside (4), diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L- rhamnopy-ranosyl (1 --> 4) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4) [alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] -beta-D-glycopyranoside (5), kaempferol (6), rutin (7), myrincitrin (8), 4, 2', 4'-trihydroxychalcone (9), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D- glycopyranoside (10), isorhamnetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2) -beta-D-glycopyranoside (11), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucpyranosyl (1 --> 6) -beta-D-glycopyranoside (12), kayaflavone (13), amentoflavone (14).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-3 and 6-14 are isolated from P. axialis for the first time; and compounds 7-10, 13, 14 are isolated from the genus Paris for the first time.</p>